Shortly before dawn in Hamtramck, Michigan, the first call to prayer reverberates through the narrow rows of snow-dusted white clapboard houses as American flags flutter on porches in the chill wind off Lake Erie.
Around the corner from the Al-Islah Mosque the five daily calls can be heard at the Martha Washington bakery. As customers trickle in one non-Muslim woman refers to it as “that noise”. She’s also not a fan of the niqabs now regularly seen in the high street.